Previous research has found that, in the autistic traits continuum, subjects with autism lie on one end and neurotypical subjects lie on the other end the individuals with SCH or OCD can be placed approximately in the middle of this continuum. ![]() The AQ is a widely used screening instrument that can be used to distinguish validly between high functioning adults with autism and individuals with other psychiatric disorders. Therefore, there is a growing demand for research on investigating how ASD can be effectively and sufficiently differentiated from other psychiatric disorders. Regarding the studies noted above, determining whether the symptoms of individuals with ASD resemble those with SCH or OCD is necessary, and identifying the similarities and differences between ASD and the two other disorders is vitally important. Individuals with ASD were more likely to show obsessive-compulsive traits, and patients with OCD were more likely to show autistic symptoms. Furthermore, certain vulnerability genes may prove to be generalist genes, influencing the phenotypic expression of both ASD and OCD. Similarly, both ASD and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have common features, such as obsessional interests and repetitive or stereotypic behaviors. In addition, individuals with ASD were more likely to report schizophrenic symptoms, and schizophrenia (SCH) patients were more likely to report autistic symptoms. Longitudinal studies have found that children having a greater severity of early autistic traits are more likely to have psychotic experiences in early adolescence. ![]() Įxisting evidence suggests that ASD and psychosis spectrum disorders share the clinical symptoms and manifestations. The exploration of sex differences in the severity of autistic traits in different groups of people and cultural contexts may contribute to a deeper understanding of the association between autism and gender. The incidence of autism was much higher in males than in females. Similar sex differences in the AQ were found in studies conducted in the Netherlands, Scotland, Italy and Poland. The mean total AQ score was higher in males than in females. have found sex differences in the general population. It is particularly worth noting that Baron-Cohen et al. The AQ score is related to individuals’ performance on gaze-oriented attention to happy faces and on the global integration of closed contours, has been found to be linked with white matter fiber tract and has been associated with white matter volume in the posterior superior temporal sulcus. These characteristics have demonstrated that the AQ is a reliable instrument for quantifying the BAP, has been widely used with relatives of individuals with ASD, and has the ability of screening for autistic traits in the general population. The AQ exhibits its own advantages compared with other self-administered measures of BAP for example, the AQ has been shown to distinguish between individuals with high-functioning ASD and individuals with other psychiatric disorders. The 50-item questionnaire has good cross-cultural stability and demonstrates consistent results across different age groups. The AQ is a self-report screening instrument for measuring the severity of autistic traits across five subscales (social skills, communication, attention to detail, attention switching and imagination) in both the general population and the autism spectrum community. One of the most widely used quantitative measures of BAP is the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). ![]() In a continuum of severity of autistic traits in the general population, the BAP is generally considered to be a subclinical set of characteristics that is milder but qualitatively similar to the diagnosed autism phenotype. These traits, known as the Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP), have been examined in the relatives of individuals with ASD and in the general population. This change suggests that typically developing individuals may display autistic traits that vary in both the degree of severity and number. In other words, the concept of the autistic spectrum, originally conceived as a gradient of severity within the clinical range, has been extended to a continuum of autistic traits in the general population. More recently, a quantitative, dimensional reconceptualization of ASD in the general population has been proposed. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of disorders characterized by impairments in maintaining reciprocal interaction and communication with others and the presence of narrow interests and stereotyped patterns of behavior and activities.
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